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First recording, hosted sandbox, Oct 1
First recording, hosted sandbox, Oct 1Recorded replay of a run on a hosted Solana sandbox, test USDC
Replay of a live Solana Devnet run, Oct 1The main run: fully live on Solana Devnet
Separate runs; their numbers are never merged.
Test USDCFictional advertisers
PresentVerify

Payment channels on Solana

All finalized

Each funded advertiser locked a 0.020 test USDC deposit in its own payment channelPayment channelA deposit locked once on the sandbox chain. Deliveries are paid by off-chain vouchers; one close transaction settles the final total. on a hosted Solana sandboxHosted Solana sandboxA hosted test network that runs Solana programs. Test USDC and test SOL only; not Devnet or mainnet.. Every accepted delivery advanced an off-chain voucherVoucherA signed off-chain authorization for the channel. Each one states the cumulative total owed so far.. One close per channel paid the publisher the last authorized total and refunded the rest. No transfer per ad. The same 3 receipts were then settled again on Solana Devnet, shown separately below.

Solana Devnet re-settlement ↓

The recorded run's own settlement, on a hosted Solana sandbox

What the run did when it was recorded. The Devnet re-settlement is a separate section with its own numbers.

Deposited0.040USDCTest USDC across 2 channels
Paid to the publisher0.010USDCEquals the 3 accepted charges
Refunded0.030USDCReturned to the payer at close
Sandbox transactions42 opens, 2 closes, all finalized
Solana network costsWithin cap0.0095test SOLFees and storage rent, within a 0.02 SOL limit

ClearVault

Payment channel on the hosted Solana sandbox, test USDC
Fictional advertiserCampaign
Deposit0.020 USDCLocked at open
Paid out0.007 USDCLast voucher total
Refunded0.013 USDCBack to the payer
Charge 1, opportunity 1: 0.004Charge 2, opportunity 2: 0.003Refunded 0.013
In order, USDC (no clock times)
  1. Open 0.020 locked
  2. Voucher 1 0.004
  3. Voucher 2 0.007
  4. Close 0.007 paid
Open and close are sandbox transactions; vouchers are off-chain totals so far. 0.013 USDC went back to the payer at close.
Total owed so far in USDC, out of the 0.020 deposit (the line is the 0.008 campaign cap)0.020 deposit0.008 capVoucher 1, opp 1: 0.004 in totalVoucher 1, opp 10.004Voucher 2, opp 2: 0.007 in totalVoucher 2, opp 20.007Each voucher replaces the one before: voucher 2 is 0.007 in total, not the sum of the vouchers.
TransactionStatusPayer USDCPublisher USDCNetwork fee, test SOLStorage rent, test SOL
Open channelSolana sandbox transaction, slot 452,225,151Finalized−0.02000.0000050.0047 locked
Close channelSolana sandbox transaction, slot 452,225,945Finalized+0.013+0.0070.0000150.002 returned

Storage rent is test SOL held while accounts exist: opening a channel locks it, closing returns most of it, and the channel account keeps a little until its reclaim window passes. Network fees are spent.

Closed and final; nothing left to settle. Same disposable test payer for every channel.Channel28GSbZ…9bvF

KeyForge

Payment channel on the hosted Solana sandbox, test USDC
Fictional advertiserCampaign
Deposit0.020 USDCLocked at open
Paid out0.003 USDCLast voucher total
Refunded0.017 USDCBack to the payer
Charge 1, opportunity 3: 0.003Refunded 0.017
In order, USDC (no clock times)
  1. Open 0.020 locked
  2. Voucher 1 0.003
  3. Close 0.003 paid
Open and close are sandbox transactions; vouchers are off-chain totals so far. 0.017 USDC went back to the payer at close.
Total owed so far in USDC, out of the 0.020 deposit (the line is the 0.008 campaign cap)0.020 deposit0.008 capVoucher 1, opp 3: 0.003 in totalVoucher 1, opp 30.003
TransactionStatusPayer USDCPublisher USDCNetwork fee, test SOLStorage rent, test SOL
Open channelSolana sandbox transaction, slot 452,225,252Finalized−0.02000.0000050.0047 locked
Close channelSolana sandbox transaction, slot 452,226,063Finalized+0.017+0.0030.0000150.002 returned

Storage rent is test SOL held while accounts exist: opening a channel locks it, closing returns most of it, and the channel account keeps a little until its reclaim window passes. Network fees are spent.

Closed and final; nothing left to settle. Same disposable test payer for every channel.Channel9LyDdJ…H3un

LeatherGuard

No Solana channel was opened
Unfunded

No channel was opened (unfunded), so it holds no deposit and could never be charged. It was excluded by rule in 4 of 4 questions (missing crypto storage and mobile software wallet).

On-chain costs, totals and transaction orderFees and storage rent in test SOL, and the sandbox transactions by slot

Totals in test USDC

Test USDC
Deposits0.040
Accepted charges0.010
Paid to the publisher0.010
Refunded to the payer0.030

Fees and storage rent in test SOL

Test SOL
Network fees, 4 transactions0.00004
Storage rent locked0.0094
Storage rent returned at close0.0041
Fees plus rent locked0.0095
The run's limit0.02
Kept apart from USDC. Returned rent is not subtracted from the limit. Exact lamports are in each transaction's Inspector record.

Sandbox transactions in order

Ordered by slot on the hosted Solana sandbox. The chain keeps its own clock, so no clock times are shown here; they are in each transaction's Inspector record.
1Open ClearVault's channelSlot 452,225,151, finalized
2Open KeyForge's channelSlot 452,225,252, finalized
3Close ClearVault's channelSlot 452,225,945, finalized
4Close KeyForge's channelSlot 452,226,063, finalized
Network fees and rent, paid in test SOL
Fees and rentRentSOL locked to keep an account open on the sandbox chain. New rent is paid when accounts are created; some is reclaimed when they close. are paid in test SOL, measured in lamportsLamportsThe smallest unit of SOL. Network fees and account rent are paid in test SOL and are never mixed with USDC., and kept apart from the USDC ad spend. Each channel locked 0.0047 test SOL of storage rent at open; 0.002 of it (43%) was returned at close, so 0.0041 of 0.0094 in total. Network fees were 0.00004 test SOL for the 4 transactions. These costs are paid per channel, not per ad: one open and one close are shared by every delivery the channel carries, and each delivery is a signed voucher, not a transaction. Here the channels carried 2 and 1 deliveries.
Funding is not settlement
The payer was funded before the run, outside any channel. Absolute wallet balances include funds from before this run, so only each transaction's own changes are shown. Hosted Solana sandbox, not Devnet or mainnet.

Recorded receipts, settled on Solana Devnet

Solana Devnet

The 3 accepted, publisher-signed receipts from this run; no new auctions or model calls; Devnet test USDC, no real value.

Program CHNLxY…yGsX (opens the Solana explorer)

Same amounts as above: 0.040 USDC deposited, 0.010 paid to the publisher, 0.030 refunded, in Devnet test USDC. 5 Devnet transactions (1 funding, 2 opens, 2 closes), all finalized.

ClearVault

Payment channel on Solana Devnet, Devnet test USDC
Channel GDsoVH…hKXK (opens the Solana explorer)
Deposit0.020 USDCLocked at open
Paid to the publisher0.007 USDCFinal voucher, at close
Refunded0.013 USDCBack to the payer at close
Receipt, charge, voucher
  1. Opportunity 1 receipt cdf946cc…85712bCharge 0.004Voucher 1: 0.004 in totalSuperseded, off-chainSettled within voucher 2 (opens the Solana explorer)
  2. Opportunity 2 receipt 65d11b86…759afcCharge 0.003Voucher 2: 0.007 in totalSettled on-chainSettling transaction (opens the Solana explorer)
Devnet transactionSignatureNetwork fee, test SOLStorage rent, test SOL
Open channelSlot 506,403,851, finalized4K4aHrcK…gUtugQ0.0000050.0034 lockedExplorer (opens the Solana explorer)
Close: 0.007 paid, 0.013 backSlot 506,403,970, finalized3q1XpdeK…yMXwyL0.0000150.0015 locked and returnedExplorer (opens the Solana explorer)
Status after close: Distributed. The channel account keeps 0.002 test SOL of storage rent until its reclaim window passes.

KeyForge

Payment channel on Solana Devnet, Devnet test USDC
Channel 3qZUw8…ktgq (opens the Solana explorer)
Deposit0.020 USDCLocked at open
Paid to the publisher0.003 USDCFinal voucher, at close
Refunded0.017 USDCBack to the payer at close
Receipt, charge, voucher
  1. Opportunity 3 receipt 687a3b9b…c59cb7Charge 0.003Voucher 1: 0.003 in totalSettled on-chainSettling transaction (opens the Solana explorer)
Devnet transactionSignatureNetwork fee, test SOLStorage rent, test SOL
Open channelSlot 506,403,881, finalizedppMyRTph…DZhBMT0.0000050.0034 lockedExplorer (opens the Solana explorer)
Close: 0.003 paid, 0.017 backSlot 506,404,021, finalized2FXVkdaH…74F5yo0.0000150.0015 returnedExplorer (opens the Solana explorer)
Status after close: Distributed. The channel account keeps 0.002 test SOL of storage rent until its reclaim window passes.

Funding, not settlement

Before the channels opened, one transfer funded the disposable payer
0.040 Devnet test USDC and 0.05 test SOL moved to the payer. It is not part of any channel and pays no one for an ad.43tteXvD…wxypa4, slot 506,403,777. Explorer (opens the Solana explorer)

Devnet fees and storage rent in test SOL

Test SOL
Network fees, 2 opens and 2 closes0.00004
Storage rent locked0.0084
Storage rent returned at close0.003
Funding fee (paid by the funder)0.000005
Funding rent (paid by the funder)0.0015
Kept apart from USDC, and apart from the sandbox numbers above. Rent differs by network, so these are not the sandbox figures. Storage rent is test SOL held while accounts exist: opening a channel locks it, closing returns most of it, and the channel account keeps a little until its reclaim window passes. Network fees are spent.
How this differs from the recorded run's own settlement
A public Solana Devnet instead of the hosted sandbox, Circle's Devnet test USDC instead of the sandbox token, fresh disposable keys and new channel addresses. The charges, the cumulative vouchers (0.004 then 0.007; 0.003), the payouts and the refunds are the same. One payer still represents every funded advertiser. Payer Fynaqs…G2Md (opens the Solana explorer), publisher Bayi9y…zVZ2 (opens the Solana explorer).